In June, 2000, an increase in infections caused by Salmonella Bareilly was noted in the southeastern United States. The specific states were not identified. Salmonella Bareilly is an amphibian-associated Salmonella serotype. Illnesses were detected in at least ten southeastern states. Subtyping of 87 isolates yielded 58 distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, suggesting multiple sources of infection. Twenty-five (5 8%) case-patients reported drinking well or spring water in the week before illness, compared with 17 (22%) of 76 controls (matched odds ratio [OR] 4.59, p<0.001). Water from one case-patient’s well yielded Salmonella Bareilly that matched the case-patient’s isolate. Among case-patients who had not drunk well or spring water, 14 (78%) drank bottled water, compared with 14 (42%) of 33 controls (OR 6.75, p=0.02); 8 (44%) case-patients drank bottled water processed by Company A, compared with 1 (3%) control (OR undefined, p=0 .001). Although Company A bottled water from a southeastern spring, no defects in its water purification system were found.