2023-2024 Outbreak of Illness Associated with Nootropic Gummies, Virginia

During September 1–November 20, 2023, the Blue Ridge Poison Center (BRPC) in Charlottesville, Virginia managed four cases of illness in adults who had intentionally ingested mushroom gummies labeled to contain the Amanita muscaria mushroom and were evaluated in an emergency department (ED). All patients experienced tachycardia, confusion, anxiety or somnolence, and nausea, and one patient reported chest pain. Two patients received benzodiazepines, three received antiemetics, and all four received intravenous fluids. All patients were discharged from the ED within 12 hours. In June 2024, BRPC managed an accidental ingestion of two A. muscaria mushroom gummies by a child aged 3 years who was hospitalized with symptoms of somnolence and vomiting. The child required no interventions and was discharged 1 day later.

Gummies listing the hallucinogenic mushroom A. muscaria or other unnamed mushrooms as ingredients have been marketed as "nootropics" (substances taken to enhance cognitive function). A. muscaria can cause hallucinations, agitation, gastrointestinal upset, and seizures.

Overview

Outbreak began:September 2023
Affected country:US
States/territories:VA
Pathogen:Mushroom poisoning
Vehicle(s):Gummies
Location(s):Retail
Molecular test results:Not reported

Health impact

Total ill:5
Number hospitalized:1

Sources & documents

Report / reference links
Outbreak documents