In May 2024, Virginia public health officials investigated an outbreak of E. coli O157 infections associated with swimming at Lake Anna State Park. Twenty-five outbreak associated cases were detected. More than half of the ill people were children. Seven people were hospitalized. Four children developed Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS).

Twenty-three cases reported visiting the lake between May 24 and May 27. Two cases did not visit the lake but had close contact with a person with STEC infection.